English verbs have four key forms, the basic, --ing, past and -ed forms (play, playing, played, played - for regular or weak verbs, or go, going, went, gone - as an example of an irregular or strong verb). The last or fourth form is very useful in OVI texts. The equivalents in Slovak are the verb forms ending in -aný, --ený, --atý, --itý, --utý or -ilý. See if you can find the English for "zapojení", "sponzorované",

"usporiadané", "znevyhodnené", "odohraté", "zrekonštruovaný", or "zapúštené". It looks like the --itý, --utý and -ilý forms are not so common. In English these -ed forms can be used as adjectives (specialized classroom), as present perfect tense (have prepared), and as passives in all sorts of tenses (was opened, are being sponsored, have been played, will be heard). Passives are more formal in style, and they enable me to keep closer to the order of ideas in the original Slovak sentences.